Dec 122010
 

The peculiar thing about the student protests are the reactions of ordinary people – gathered through various Facebook posts. There is not a lot of sympathy for the plight of students out there. Negative reactions to the violence are all very reasonable, although there does seem to be a media slant towards the violence committed by the students as opposed to the violence committed by the police – after all the figures are something like 12 policeman injured and 43 protestors injured, which doesn’t sound very even-handed to me. Especially when you consider that many minor injuries amongst the protestors will be unreported whereas they are much more likely to be reported amongst the police (it’s an “injury at work” sort of thing).

The reactions against students in general protesting on the tuition fees issue seem to concentrate on :-

  1. Why should the government pay for the students to study anyway ?
  2. Students should go out to work to pay for their studies rather than just skiving off with a handful of lectures a week.

Basically students have a bad reputation for some reason, and most of the anti-student comments are not justified. Let’s take the work argument first.

Studying for a degree is hard work. You may well find students walking around at any time during the day, and discover that students have just 2 hours of lectures a week. All is not quite as it seems … First of all, students on 2 hours of lectures a week are pretty rare, and just because there are just two lectures doesn’t mean that’s all of the work they are expected to do.

In a typical week, a student may have lectures, tutorials, be expected to read a huge pile of books, and write an essay or six. And that’s before considering some courses where the students may have to spend time on projects – a series of themed photographs, writing a piece of software, building a high-precision lathe, etc.

And things are not always timetabled especially well for a student’s convenience – a student may have two hour long lectures in the morning with an hour’s break in between. Depending on what the student needs to do in terms of other work, that hour may not be easy to work through – sure a student can open up a netbook and write a few words of an essay, but that huge book on “Operational Management” that they suddenly realise they need may be at home, or booked out of the library. That student you see in the park outside the library messing around, may well be later working for 6-hours in the library before going home and spending a couple of hours sorting out their lecture notes.

When I started my degree many years ago, it was pointed out to me that students on the course I was on were expected to work at least 40-hours a week with the amount of time going up as it approached exam periods. Sure there are students who goof off, but most only do so for a few weeks at most; the ones who keep goofing off end up being thrown out or end up with a poor degree.

On a similar note, it is common to see criticisms of how much students spend their time drinking and partying. In University towns, it has gotten to the point that people assume that loud bunch of young people running down the street at midnight (or later) are students. How do they know ? It is not as if students are marked in some way – those young people could be anybody – students, or a group from some workplace.

And why shouldn’t students have a night out from time to time ? If you work hard, you need to play hard too – to unwind; this is particularly important when your “work” is the kind of thing that you don’t put down at the end of the day and go home, but something you take home with you.

I happen to live in a flat on a road that is fairly busy at night – it is a route commonly used by students (or anonymous young people) to stagger home after a drink or six in some of the main drinking areas. Whilst there is a few groups almost every night, people forget just how many students are around – at certain times of the year, the procession of groups is almost continuous from midnight to 2am, but for most of the year the groups are few and far between. It would seem to me that students go out for a drink or six far less often than people assume.

Now let’s tackle the thorny issue of whether the government should pay for students or whether they should pay for their own education. Let’s make it a little less vague – should the community (through taxation) pay for students to study ? Even in the most distant past, there have been communities who pay for exceptional students to go to University – at least as far back as the 14th century. In those times of course, it was only the exceptional few who got to go to University with the support of the community; the overwhelming majority were the sons (daughters were stuck at home) of the wealthy who got to go.

This led to a situation where the overwhelming majority of the population were lucky to get enough education to read and write poorly – only a tiny number were lucky enough to get a more complete education and become part of the “knowledge economy”. That was fine (if more than a little unfair) way back in the 14th Century, but what about today ?

Today, the UK economy is dependent on having a highly skilled workforce and will become more and more dependent on skilled workers., Indeed during the recent recession, it was noticeable that many firms went to great lengths to try and retain staff rather than dump them as would have happened in earlier recessions – they realised that to recover from the recession, they would need those highly skilled workers and did not want to take the chance that they would be unavailable come the recovery. The old days when money could be made by using large numbers of unskilled labour are over in this country – the places where such tactics work are places where wages are so low that it wouldn’t be possible to employ people in this country.

Today’s students are tomorrow’s “knowledge workers” – even those doing media studies, or games programming (both are useful skills for industries that bring in billions). We need young people to get good qualifications to pay the taxes of the future and ensure that the economy is healthy enough to ensure that we get a reasonable pension.

Who benefits from a plentiful supply of highly qualified graduates ? The graduate does to a limited extent – he or she has a better chance of getting a highly paid job (although that is not guaranteed). Private industry benefits because it has a work force with added value. Government does become a highly qualified work force ensures that the money coming in from taxation is high. In fact we all benefit.

So why do people insist that the prospective graduate pay ? When you consider that we all benefit when those students work for a degree, isn’t it more than a little selfish to insist that they pay ?

In addition to protesting, the students need to do a little PR work – their protests will never work until they get a significant amount of the general population on their side. And they have some negative PR to overcome – the violence at their demonstrations.

Dec 082010
 

If anyone has been following the news closely over the last few days, they will be aware of the attempt that the Swedish authorities are making to extradite Julian Assange to face an assortment of sex charges including rape. Even by itself, there is enough suspicion about the timing of this given previous history of the charges to cause any neutral observer to wonder just what is going on here.

For those who have not dug into the details, the charges were first investigated in August 2010 and then dropped before being re-opened. All the while Julian Assange was either in Sweden, or willing to talk to the prosecutor although not prepared to travel to Sweden at his own expense. The escalation to a request for extradition was unfortunately timed happening at the same time as the latest WikiLeaks (linking to a mirror as the main site is mysteriously down) publications.

By itself it is just about enough to cause a sensible to person to say to themselves … “I wonder … Nah!”, but there are other things happening to WikiLeaks.

WikiLeaks appears to be under a continual distributed denial of service attack where many computers are used to send traffic to the WikiLeak servers. There are two sets of servers involved in hosting the WikiLeaks sites – the actual web servers themselves, and the DNS servers hosting the name.

In the case of the web servers, the servers were first moved to the Amazon cloud service in the middle of a denial of service attack – so Amazon can hardly complain about this as it was known about at the time. Yet after less than a week, the site was booted off the Amazon cloud without a public explanation. The suspicion is that political pressure was brought to bear especially given one of the earliest statements about the issue was from a certain Joseph Lieberman – a US Senator.

WikiLeaks then went to a French hosting company – OVH – who have stated that they will honour their contract. Presumably providing that the French courts do not insist that they terminate the contract, which is possible given that the case is under review.

Separately to this, the Wikileaks domain (or “name”) has itself been under attack. Large scale distributed denial of service attacks took place against the EveryDNS infrastructure servers that provide the name wikileaks.org, and every other name hosted by the same infrastructure. EveryDNS took the step of terminating their domain hosting. As of now, the domain wikileaks.org is not available via the DNS servers I run, indicating that either they have not found another hosting company for the name, or their alternative arrangements are under sufficiently serious attack.

Those are the technical attacks.

In addition, a number of financial companies have frozen WikiLeaks accounts preventing funds from being used, or donations being made – PayPal (who admit that their decision was influenced by the US Government) and Mastercard amongst them.

Add all the attacks together and you start to think that there is some kind of conspiracy behind all this – perhaps the US government is waging cyberwar against WikiLeaks. It is almost certain that they have this capability and there are indications that they are annoyed enough with WikiLeaks to do this.

However it is still more probable that this is a combination of :-

  1. Annoyed US (and possibly other) “hackers” making denial of service attacks against the WikiLeaks infrastructure and the associated infrastructure.
  2. Various commercial organisations deciding that it is too much hassle to “help” WikiLeaks and deciding to terminate their contracts.

Probably the harshest criticism should be directed at PayPal who have just said in a TV interview that they received advice from the US State Department that the WikiLeaks site was probably illegal under US law. Well the opinion of a government in a free society should not be enough to condem an organisation, and the directors of PayPal could deservedly be called chickenshit arse-lickers for their actions.

Perhaps you do not believe that WikiLeaks is in the right here. I’m not entirely sure myself – leaking US diplomatic cables is one thing, but perhaps publishing a list of potential targets the US government feels are critical to its security was a step too far. But there is a bigger issue here than “merely” WikiLeaks itself. We are seeing a situation where a website that has not been condemned for their actions in any court of law has been pushed around and to some extent off the Internet by the actions of a few – both people engaged in illegal activities (denial of service attacks) and people making commercial decisions (terminating contracts).

Imagine if you will, this website is something controversial in a country that is considered a pariah by most of the world – Iran perhaps; perhaps they publish allegations with evidence of widespread government crimes and corruption. Iran and supporters of Iran undertake to destroy that website with “cyberwarfare”. Wouldn’t we want that website to be protected in some way ? Perhaps you are thinking that Iran doesn’t have the resources to undertake such an attack; well think again. Many of the largest botnets capable of carrying out widespread denial of service attacks are under the control of organised criminals (spammers) who have less resources than any government – it takes little more than a spotty teenager in a basement to control tens of thousands of compromised machines and target whatever they like.

In such a situation, it would seem to make sense to provide a hosting service of last resort. Presumably a volunteer effort as it would have to be immune to commercial interests, and presumable massively parallel to ensure that there are many servers providing service so that a distributed denial of service attack would fail to hit everywhere.

Lastly, the US reaction to WikiLeaks seems to me to be a little over the top. And I am not talking about the lunatic fringe who are likely to jump and down screaming at the slightest criticism of the US, but at more respected figures. Some of the reactions verge on coming close to events such as the Fatwwā against Salman Rushdie way back in the 1980s.

For example :-

  • Jeffrey T Kuhner wrote in an editorial in the Washington Times that Julian Assange should be treated “the same way as other high-value terrorist targets” and be assassinated.
  • Gordon Liddy has suggested that Julian Assange should be added to a “kill list” of terrorists to be assassinated without trial.
  • Mitch McConnell has called Julian Assange a “high-tech terrorist”.
  • Newt Gingrich has stated “and Julian Assange is engaged in terrorism. He should be treated as an enemy combatant.”. Well it would be a start to treat any terrorist as an enemy combatant (the US doesn’t as enemy combatants have rights).

Calling for the assassination of Julian Assange is no better than a radical Islamist calling for the assassination of Salman Rushdie – we’re supposed to be better than the knuckle dragging fundamentalists frothing at the mouth. Seems that some in the US aren’t. A reminder to those people – we supposedly live in countries where the rule of law is supposed to be followed, and nobody has tried and convicted Julian Assange of anything in relation to WikiLeaks.

As for calling Julian Assange a terrorist, that is blatantly ridiculous. However annoyed you may be with him, none of his actions equate to driving a truck packed with explosives into a crowded shop entrance, or hijacking a plane and flying it into a large city killing thousands. Even if any information published by WikiLeaks has led to the death of anybody (and nobody has managed to demonstrate this – merely raised ill-founded concerns about the possibility), the responsibility for those deaths belongs to those carrying out the killings and not WikiLeaks. At most (in such circumstances), WikiLeaks might be guilty of incitement to murder – and in a much less obvious way than those calling for the head of Julian Assange to be delivered to them on a platter.

The US is beginning to look like the fool in all of this – their information security is a joke, and their reaction to their inability to keep secrets is to shoot the messenger in a way that makes them look no better than those rogue regimes they complain so much about.

Oct 132010
 

From early this morning until tonight, the news channels have been broadcasting almost constantly from the San Jose mine in Chile and we have seen 17 of the 33 miners rescued. Probably more by the time I’ve finished writing this. This is one of those rare occasions when the news is dominated by a good news story.

But whilst we celebrate the rescue of the miners so far, and wait for news of the rest plus the rescuers who went down to help out, there are some things to ponder.

We are prepared to go to almost any extent to rescue miners in such a situation – and quite rightly too! But perhaps we should be considering just how much we are prepared to pay for pulling minerals out of the earth. The mine in question had a dubious safety history, which itself isn’t a reason for it to remain closed. But it does raise the question of whether more work should have been done before the accident to make it less likely.

But serious mining accidents occur world-wide and cause many deaths annually, without generating anywhere near the amount of attention that the San Jose mining accident has gathered. Perhaps that is understandable given that this is now a good news story.

There are those who say that mining is an inherently dangerous activity and there will always be accidents. But if you read work your way through that list of mining accidents at the link above, it quickly becomes apparent that in many cases sheer commercial greed is a major contributory factor. And not just in ancient mining disasters, but in the 21st century!

If we spend as much effort as has been spent on saving the San Jose miners on improving mining conditions world-wide, we can save many more miners from disaster. Isn’t that worth paying just a touch extra for your consumer goods ?

Sep 262010
 

Yesterday we heard the news that the new leader of the Labour party is Ed Millband – and congratulations to him. Ever since then we have had the media rambling on with the same old theme – more or less “but … but … it was the undemocratic unions who voted him in”.

So? It is not as if the Labour party has some sort of secret democratic process that changes every five minutes; the union vote was known well in advance, yet we heard no complaints before the result. Sometimes it feels as if the media look for any possible note of negativity in any news. Why not portray the news for once, and look at what difference Ed may make ?

There are undoubtedly Labour party members a bit suspicious of the influence of the Unions – after all it is hardly every party that allows people outside the membership of the party to vote. But why not ? The Labour party is supposed to reflect the interests of the working man and woman, so shouldn’t their representatives have an influence on the leadership ?

Sometimes the media gives us the impression that political parties need to have free and fair elections to select their leaders. Nothing could be further from the truth. A political party is effectively a private members club who put up their members for election whenever the opportunity presents itself (if funds and inclination are available).

Excluding the Liberal Democrats who have had a more chaotic life over the last 50 years, the Tories had their first leadership election in 1965 (over 100 years after their first government), and the Labour party had their first leadership election in 1922 some time after their formation. Indeed the only voters at those elections were the MPs of the respective parties!

The Labour party is unusual in allowing the unions to vote … or more accurately, the members of those unions. If they choose to do so, who are we (as non-members) to say it is wrong ? If you feel it is wrong, join the party and campaign for change.

And lets have a few less curmudgeons in the media please!

Sep 072010
 

I happened to come across this piece of garbage blaming a whole bunch of things on science. Turns out that almost everything in their list is due to things other than science. In order :-

Challenger

Whilst unfortunate, and in fact inevitable – something like space would eventually result in deaths because it is an inherently risky activity – there is nothing about the Challenger disaster that can be blamed on science. The engineering of the O-ring seal wasn’t up to scratch and poor decisions allowed Challenger to be launched in weather conditions that encouraged the O-ring seal failure.

No science in sight. There is a school of thought that anything big and shiny is science, whereas in truth it is big engineering.

Darsee and Slutsky and Fraud, Oh My!, The Debendox Debacle, Nuclear Winter of Our Discontent, Piltdown Chicken

Here we have four separate “sins” of science which boil down to the fact that some scientists have fabricated results. Whilst that is definitely bad, and in the worst cases these “scientists” can cause the deaths of numerous people, science itself isn’t in the wrong here. What is at fault is a tiny handful of scientists. Which just goes to show that scientists are human and just as fallible as your neighbourhood plumber.

If your neighbourhood plumber turns out to be a bit of a crook and in the habit of overcharging for work done, do we blame plumbing ? No we do not.

Statistics for Dummies

Here we have an example of statistics being used incorrectly and incorrect conclusions being made from those statistics. This is hardly the first example of such a mistake in using statistics and statisticians have been growling about such foolish things for probably several centuries.

Notice I haven’t mentioned science in that paragraph. There’s a good reason for that – whilst scientists may well (and hopefully do) use statistics as an analytical tool, statistics itself is not science. It’s not a branch of science; it’s a branch of mathematics.

Blaming science for poor use of statistics is hardly fair!

Skipping over “Very Cold Fusion” section as it concerns yet another couple of so-called scientists rather than science itself, we get to …

Chernobyl

So we have a situation where people who do not follow the operating procedure for a nuclear reactor and unintentionally cause a run-away chain reaction. No science here either.

Just your standard poor decision making.

Currents That Don’t Kill

Ah! Here we actually have an example of science! A number of studies into the effects of living close to power lines shows that there is no significant effect from living close by.

So where is the poor science here ? Scientists did exactly what they are supposed to do – when presented with a theory (“power lines generate electrical fields that are dangerous”) they tested that theory and found it false. Whether it was true or not, here we have an example of science doing exactly what it is supposed to do.

Sure it cost quite a bit – mostly because there was an apparent need for multiple studies in different parts of the world. But I cannot see any bad science here except possibly the initial hypothesis.

Mars Meltdown

So NASA had a problem with a probe that one group used metric units on and another group used traditional US units? That’s an unfortunate issue with the engineering management. Science isn’t responsible here – yet again.

Rock Of Life

At last! We’ve found something that is science. Scientists decided that their rock from Mars contained signs of life on Mars, and other scientists eventually decided that it was a false alarm.

So some scientists made a poor study of the rock in question and made a mistake. Just goes to show (yet again) that scientists are human and fallible. And note how the mistake was corrected by other scientists – which is much the way that science is supposed to work. If one scientist produces a result, other scientists try to duplicate that result, and if they fail there’s a problem somewhere.

All Abuzz

Yep, this one was definitely a poor decision. Cross-breeding bees to produce a particularly aggressive strain wasn’t the brightest idea. I guess this one does count as a scientific blunder.

Here They Come To Save The Day

So scientists came up with antibiotics and they have been misused by doctors and the public (and industry!) for 50 years or so. As a consequence, drug-resistant ‘bugs’ have evolved and antibiotics have a harder job of killing off these ‘superbugs’.

So what blunder has science made here ? Particularly where it is pointed out that average life expectancy has increased from 47 to 76 in the US thanks to antibiotics. Sure multi-drug resistant ‘superbugs’ are a problem, but how is science to blame for creating those ?

Wrong call. Again.

The Sky Is Falling Again

In this section we learn that an early approximation for the trajectory of an asteroid was not as accurate as it could have been so what was a near miss of 30,000 miles becomes a near miss of 600,000 miles.

It might be nice if the earlier approximation had been a little more accurate, but ‘forewarned is forearmed’ as they say, and it is better to make a mistake along these lines than to miss the asteroid all together.

I wouldn’t say this is a scientific blunder at all.

Evolution? What’s That?

In this section we hear that sections of the US education system are run by mindless drones of extremist christians, who have decided to stop teaching the theory of evolution or to stop testing the knowledge of the theory. Scientists are outraged by this.

How on earth can this qualify as a science blunder ?

Fen-Phen Fiasco

A researcher discovers that a combination of two drugs can be used to combat obesity, but later it is discovered that those tow drugs interact poorly and themselves can cause health problems. Ignoring the fact that science was used to confirm the cause of  the health problems, we can probably put this one down as a scientific blunder.

Assuming of course that the original researcher who introduced the new wonder treatment for obesity wasn’t distracted by the dollar signs from doing some proper hard science first.

To Be or Not to Be, Thanks to MTBE

Ok, I guess we can put this one down as a scientific blunder.

Earth To Iridium

So a telecommunications company who produced an early satellite phone went bust because nobody wanted the produce.

Did the product work ? Yes, so the engineering and the science behind the engineering was fine. Sounds to me more like an entrepreneurial blunder.

Chest Say No to Silicone Implants

Curiously even the writers of this list of “20 Scientific Blunders” admit that this was not a blunder of science, but a blunder caused by lawyers.

So why does it appear on the list then ?

Y2K

This is quite possibly the most ridiculous entry on the list. I was there on the eve of Y2K watching everyone else celibate the false millennium. This was (as pointed out) firstly a programming blunder where programmers wrote software using two-digits as a date format ignoring what would happen when 99 become 00 (or 100). And secondly a bonanza for legitimate contractors, and less legitimate doom-mongers and snake-oil salesmen.

No science anywhere near Y2K

Summing It Up

So out of the top 20 Science blunders in that article, we actually have just 2.5 (I’m counting the Fen-Phem as 0.5 as science was used to correct the blunder). That’s an accuracy of 12.5%; a pretty poor showing by journalism!